Note: He moved with his family to Manchester, England, UK, in 1911, and - after his father's death - in October 1912 to Vienna, Austria. To escape World War I the family emigrated in 1916 to Switzerland, moving after its end to Hessen, Germany, in 1921. In 1924 they returned to Vienna, Austria. To flee the persecution by the Nazis he moved again to England in 1938, and stayed there until 1971 (moving then to Zürich, Switzerland). Winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1981.